The role of corporate social responsibility in community development
企业的社会责任在社区发展中的作用

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was viewed traditionally and narrowly as philanthropy and then as the business-society relations, particularly regarding the contribution that a corporation or firm made for solving social problems. Soon, corporations were encouraged to improve both moral standards and justice in society through economizing. In other words, in the name of efficient resource mobilization and usage, the business creates social wealth and provides a better standard of living through economizing the use of resources.
企业的社会责任（Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR）传统上被狭隘地视为慈善事业，之后被视为企业与社会的关系，尤其是公司或企业为解决社会问题所做的贡献。于是不久后，企业便被鼓励通过改善经济效益来提高社会的道德标准和正义。换句话说，企业以有效调动和利用资源的名义，通过节约使用资源，创造社会财富，并提供更好的生活水平。

Modern CSR is a concept of corporate social responsibility, which is taken by corporate organizations that consider the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. It is shown by this obligation that organizations must abide by the law and take voluntary initiatives to improve the well-being of their employees and their families, local communities and society as a whole.
现代CSR是指企业组织在考虑其活动对顾客、供应商、员工、股东、社区等利益相关者以及环境的影响下而采取的一种企业社会责任理念。通过这一义务可以看出，企业组织必须遵守法律，自觉主动地改善员工及其家庭、当地社区和整个社会的福祉。

As the meaning of CSR discussed above, CSR affects communities and community development in many ways undeniably. According to a report by Towers Perrin, CSR is the third-largest driver of employee engagement. For example, for American companies, the status of an organization in the community is the second-largest driving factor for employee participation, and a company's social responsibility reputation is also one of the top ten driving factors.
正如上文所讨论的CSR的意义，不可否认，CSR在很多方面影响着社区和社区的发展。根据Towers Perrin的报告，CSR是员工参与度的第三大驱动力。例如，对于美国的企业来说，一个组织在社区中的地位是员工参与的第二大驱动因素，而企业的社会责任声誉也是十大驱动因素之一。

In community development, CSR plays a multi-faceted role, and results in various impacts on society including the relationship and interdependencies between corporations and communities can become closer, the society’s costs on environmental degradation can be shared, technology can be transferred from international companies to developing countries, poverty can be alleviated, human rights can be promoted, the data for ICT firms to facilitate the functions of public organizations can be gathered, etc.
在社区发展中，CSR发挥着多方面的作用，并对社会产生各种影响。包括企业与社区之间的关系和相依性日益密切，环境恶化的社会成本能被分担，国际企业的技术可以向发展中国家转让，还有减轻贫困、促进人权，以及为信息和通信技术公司促进公共组织功能而收集数据等等。

It may be challenging to know where their responsibilities lie for building infrastructure, creating economic opportunities, and accessing core services such as health care, education and poverty alleviation for many corporation leaders. However, experience has shown that sustainable CSR solutions at the community, provincial and national levels are based on partnerships between government, civil society and enterprises. Based on this point, the government should help enterprises to define their position in community development, to clarify the scope of their functions, and to coordinate the relationship among the government, civil society and corporations so that corporations are able to play a more significant role in community development.
对于许多企业领导人来说，要知道他们在建设基础设施、创造经济机会、获得医疗、教育和扶贫等核心服务方面的职责所在，可能是一个挑战。然而，经验表明，社区、省和国家这三个层面的可持续CSR解决方案，是在政府、民间社会和企业三者间的伙伴关系的基础上提出的。基于这一点，政府应该帮助企业明确其在社区发展中的定位，明晰它们的职能范围，以及协调好政府、公民社会和企业之间的关系，如此一来企业才能在社区发展中发挥更大的作用。