What should be entailed in community planning in China's new era?
新时期的社区规划应包含哪些内容？

As a discipline, community planning originated in Western developed countries. It is also termed ‘community development planning’ or ‘neighbourhood development planning’. According to the Localism Act that received Royal Assent in 2011, community planning not only “gives communities direct power to develop a shared vision for their neighbourhood and shape the development and growth of their local area”, but also “provides a powerful set of tools for local people to plan for the types of development to meet their community’s needs and where the ambition of the neighbourhood is aligned with the strategic needs and priorities of the wider local area.”
社区规划，又称社区发展规划(Community Development Planning)或邻里（发展）规划(Neighbourhood (Development) Planning）。英国政府2011年颁布的《地方主义法案》将其定义为使社区拥有直接的权力，可以为社区制定共同的愿景，并塑造当地的发展和增长；目的是为社区居民提供有力的工具，使他们能够规划未来的发展以满足社区需求，同时使社区的发展方向与更大范围地区的战略需求和优先事项保持一致。

In China, the confluence of social transformation, urban development and disciplinary transformation presents new challenges and opportunities to the knowledge and technical system innovations related to community planning. Authors of this article conceive of community planning as a practice of participatory socio-spatial reconstruction, the practice that entails five dimensions (i.e., society and culture, economy, environment, service, and governance).
社区规划学科起源于西方发达国家，在我国社会、城市发展和学科转型的多重背景下，社区规划的相应的知识和技术体系创新也迎来了新的机遇和挑战。本文的作者认为社区规划是一个参与式社会空间的再造实践，应涵盖人文、经济、环境、服务、治理5个维度。

The dimension of society and culture has a dual focus on the people who live, work, and consume in a community and the development and inheritance of a culture shared by those people so as to realize a development endogenous to the community. The dimension of economy includes protecting and fostering traditional industries of a community as well as developing and promoting its local specialty products. For community economy provides the foundation for developing the community sustainably and boosting the community’s self-confidence. The dimension of environment refers to the development of and improvement to human settlement, which includes protecting and restoring natural environment, portraying landscape features, and building and maintaining pleasant man-made environment. The dimension of service is “the last mile” of realizing residents’ social wellbeing, which pertains to issues such as education, culture, healthcare, care for the elderly, and housekeeping. Service should be specialized, yet always encouraging mutual support among neighbours in the same community. As a key concept in community planning, governance emphasizes the participation of multiple players (e.g., government organizations, social organizations, local units, and residents) in raising the awareness of local community issues, reaching consensus about objectives of local communities, addressing local issues through deliberation, and collaborating in planning and implementing the development of local communities. This participatory approach is different from the conventional top-down approach that starts with goal setting by the government and proceeds with goal implementation and resource allocation.
“人文”指关注的对象是在社区居住、工作和消费的人群，同时进行社区共同文化的发掘、认知和延续，以实现“内生性”的营造。“经济”是指对社区传统产业的保护和培育，地方特色产品的研创和推广等。社区经济是社区持续发展、社区信心增加的基础。“环境”是指人居环境的营造与品质提升，既包括自然环境的保护、修复与特色风貌景观的塑造，也包括舒适、宜人的人工环境的建设和维护。“服务”是实现居民享受社会福祉的“最后一公里”，应包含教育、文化、医疗、养老、家政等多方面，应注重特色化服务、邻里互助服务的发展。“治理”则是社区规划中的重要概念，不同于传统规划更多强调目标蓝图导向下自上而下的资源投入和政府包揽的实施策略，社区规划强调激发社区多元主体，包括政府机构、社会组织、辖区单位、居民等，对社区议题的关注、对社区目标的共识形成、对社区问题的协商解决，以及对社区发展的共同谋划，并付诸行动。